La pand\u00e9mie du nouveau coronavirus s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00eatre l\u2019une des cons\u00e9quences provoqu\u00e9es par la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la sant\u00e9 globale de la plan\u00e8te. Selon Jordi Sunyer, directeur du programme Enfance et environnement de l'Institut de sant\u00e9 mondiale de Barcelone (ISGlobal), \u00ab nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 un tel d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre dans le monde qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la plan\u00e8te ne peut plus maintenir ou garantir la sant\u00e9 humaine \u00bb. La perte de biodiversit\u00e9, ajout\u00e9e aux taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de pollution atmosph\u00e9rique, sont des facteurs cl\u00e9s pour comprendre la raison de la propagation et l'incidence de ce type de virus aujourd'hui, dans un contexte de mondialisation totale, et non \u00e0 d'autres moments de notre histoire r\u00e9cente. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La pr\u00e9sence de virus sur Terre n\u2019est ni \u00e9trange ni nouvelle. Il y en a des dizaines de milliers, mais le contact de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine avec eux n\u2019est qu\u2019une minorit\u00e9. Le fait qu\u2019ils se trouvent dans des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes \u00e9loign\u00e9s et difficiles d\u2019acc\u00e8s a limit\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent son interaction avec les humains. Une situation qui, comme le souligne l\u2019activiste et biologiste de \u00ab Ecologistas en Acci\u00f3n \u00bb Jaume Grau, \u00ab a chang\u00e9 en raison de l\u2019expansion du capitalisme mondial, qui cherche \u00e0 \u00e9largir les fronti\u00e8res extractives autour de la plan\u00e8te \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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En fait, c\u2019est un sujet contre lequel les m\u00eames dirigeants de l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS) mettaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 en garde. Son PDG, le Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 en 2019 que \u00ab la menace d\u2019une pand\u00e9mie de grippe demeure. Le risque qu'un nouveau virus de la grippe se propage des animaux aux \u00eatres humains et provoque une pand\u00e9mie il est constant et r\u00e9el. La question n\u2019est pas de savoir s\u2019il y aura une nouvelle pand\u00e9mie de grippe, mais quand elle surviendra \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 actuelle n\u2019est pas le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019un jour. Jaume Grau rappelle que \u00ab la d\u00e9gradation de la nature fait que les relations \u00e9cologiques entre esp\u00e8ces deviennent de plus en plus simples, augmentant le risque et les possibilit\u00e9s d'\u00eatre en contact avec des virus que nous ne connaissons pas. Par cons\u00e9quent, cet effet de dilution qu\u2019a la biodiversit\u00e9 est perdu \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Au-del\u00e0 de la d\u00e9gradation de la biodiversit\u00e9 comme l\u2019une des causes de la pand\u00e9mie actuelle, la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique s\u2019impose comme l\u2019un de ses amplificateurs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le militant et biologiste cite l'exemple de l'Europe, o\u00f9 dans l'ensemble \u00ab les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s ont r\u00e9duit leurs populations de 60% au cours des 30 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Au lieu de cela, quoi d'autre ? Plus d\u2019humains et plus d\u2019\u00e9levages industriels. Une situation que Grau lui-m\u00eame associe au \u00ab dogme \u00e9conomique de la croissance, par lequel les dirigeants ont ignor\u00e9 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, ils ont essay\u00e9 de mettre de c\u00f4t\u00e9 et d\u2019envoyer le ballon en avant, nous conduisant \u00e0 une course suicidaire vers l\u2019ab\u00eeme \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Au-del\u00e0 de la d\u00e9gradation de la biodiversit\u00e9 comme l\u2019une des causes de la pand\u00e9mie actuelle, la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique s\u2019impose comme l\u2019un de ses amplificateurs. Selon une \u00e9tude de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Harvard TH Chan, \u00ab quelqu\u2019un qui vit depuis des d\u00e9cennies dans un territoire avec des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de pollution par les particules fines \u2013 connues sous le nom de PM10 et PM2,5 \u2013 est 15% plus susceptible de mourir du covid-19 que quelqu\u2019un qui vit dans une r\u00e9gion qui n\u2019a qu\u2019une unit\u00e9 de moins de ladite contamination \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Le chercheur d'ISGlobal Jordi Sunyer, prudent \u00e0 ce sujet, affirme que \u00ab nous n'en sommes toujours pas s\u00fbrs. En fin de compte, ce qui s'est pass\u00e9, c'est que de nombreux cas se produisent dans des situations o\u00f9 nous avions les meilleures conditions de qualit\u00e9 de l'air depuis des d\u00e9cennies \u00bb. En m\u00eame temps, et en parlant de Barcelone, il r\u00e9affirme que \u00ab la pollution augmente les maladies cardiovasculaires et il est vrai que les personnes atteintes de maladies cardiovasculaires ont un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de mortalit\u00e9 avec les effets sp\u00e9cifiques du covid-19 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Harvard, qui porte sur un total de plus de 3 000 \u00e9chantillons provenant de diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions des \u00c9tats-Unis, sugg\u00e8re que \u00ab l\u2019exposition \u00e0 long terme \u00e0 la pollution de l\u2019air augmente la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 aux cons\u00e9quences les plus graves du covid-19 \u00bb. Une situation qui peut \u00eatre extrapol\u00e9e \u00e0 la capitale catalane et \u00e0 sa zone m\u00e9tropolitaine, o\u00f9 selon les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es du D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 88.516 cas positifs de covid-19 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9nombr\u00e9s, soit 84% du total de le territoire catalan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Bien que la densit\u00e9 de population soit un autre facteur cl\u00e9, il ne faut pas oublier que Barcelone fait partie des villes les plus pollu\u00e9es d'Europe, avec des niveaux quotidiens de concentration de dioxyde d'azote (NO2) sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux recommand\u00e9s par l'Union europ\u00e9enne, provenant principalement des v\u00e9hicules de transport priv\u00e9s. Selon le rapport 2019 de l'Agence europ\u00e9enne pour l'environnement, la moyenne annuelle de 40 microgrammes par m\u00e8tre cube ne devrait pas \u00eatre d\u00e9pass\u00e9e, et les chiffres de Barcelone d\u00e9passent largement la barre des 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jaume Grau : \u00ab Nous avons la possibilit\u00e9 d'inverser la crise \u00e9cologique, de reconvertir l'\u00e9conomie, d'am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et de ralentir et d'arr\u00eater compl\u00e8tement la perte d'esp\u00e8ces, mais pas avec le capitalisme vert \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Apr\u00e8s avoir atteint son plus bas niveau historique de pollution atmosph\u00e9rique au cours des durs mois de confinement, fin juin, la ville de Barcelone affichait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des niveaux de pollution proches de ceux d'avant la fermeture de l'activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, mais la mobilit\u00e9 n'atteignait m\u00eame pas 70% de le total avant le d\u00e9but de la pand\u00e9mie. Merc\u00e8 Rius, directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la qualit\u00e9 de l'environnement et du changement climatique de la Generalitat de Catalunya, avait d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque que \u00ab la date que nous craignons le plus est le 15 septembre. Si l\u2019ann\u00e9e scolaire reprend avec une certaine normalit\u00e9, nous aurons des \u00e9coles, des universit\u00e9s et des gens qui retourneront au travail en m\u00eame temps. Si les transports publics ne sont pas utilis\u00e9s par peur, comme nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 le constater, nous pourrions retrouver des valeurs sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Dans le m\u00eame temps, Rius souligne que le d\u00e9partement veut promouvoir un changement radical dans la mobilit\u00e9, affirmant que \u00ab ce qui est clair et ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu, tout comme certains en doutaient parfois, c'est que l'impact de la mobilit\u00e9 sur la qualit\u00e9 de l'air \u00e0 Barcelone est vraiment important \u00bb. M\u00eame si, au contraire, la Generalitat elle-m\u00eame a laiss\u00e9 en suspens, au d\u00e9but du confinement, l'une des rares mesures de contr\u00f4le qu'elle avait mises en place : la taxe sur les \u00e9missions des v\u00e9hicules anciens qui devait entrer en vigueur en 2020. Qualit\u00e9 et Changement Climatique fait allusion au fait qu\u2019\u00ab il a \u00e9t\u00e9 impossible de poursuivre cette mesure en raison de la paralysie de tout l\u2019organigramme caus\u00e9e par la situation de la pand\u00e9mie \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u2019il semble clair que le harc\u00e8lement constant de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique accro\u00eet notre vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, ce qui n\u2019est pas si \u00e9vident, c\u2019est que des solutions drastiques sont recherch\u00e9es ou appliqu\u00e9es pour changer de cap. Depuis "\u00c9cologistes en action<\/strong>\u00bb, Jaume Grau dit que \u00ab Nous avons la possibilit\u00e9 d'inverser la crise \u00e9cologique, de reconvertir l'\u00e9conomie, d'am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de vie de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et de ralentir et d'arr\u00eater compl\u00e8tement la perte d'esp\u00e8ces, mais pas avec le capitalisme vert \u00bb. Ce \u00e0 quoi il ajoute qu'\u00ab avant toute chose, nous luttons pour que l'humanit\u00e9 continue \u00e0 vivre sur la plan\u00e8te avec une qualit\u00e9 de vie et pour une question de justice sociale. Par cons\u00e9quent, les voitures \u00e9lectriques, embl\u00e8me du capitalisme vert, ne sont pas la solution, mais nous pensons qu\u2019il faut des changements beaucoup plus structurels et qu\u2019ils se concentrent sur des solutions de mobilit\u00e9 collective et des r\u00e9glementations qui favorisent la consommation locale \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Enfin, le chercheur Jordi Sunye<\/strong>r d'ISGlobal insiste sur le fait que \u00ab nous avons pouss\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 la limite l'acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la plan\u00e8te que la sant\u00e9 humaine ne peut plus \u00eatre ind\u00e9pendante de la sant\u00e9 plan\u00e9taire \u00bb. Alors, et avec un certain pessimisme, il rappelle que \u00ab maintenant nous voyons \u00e0 nouveau combien il y a un dogme fort, comme l'\u00e9conomie, et des dogmes faibles, comme l'\u00e9conomie \u00bb. \u00e9cologie, durabilit\u00e9 ou sant\u00e9<\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les changements, malgr\u00e9 l'\u00e9vidente urgence climatique et donc sanitaire, semblent ne pas \u00eatre imm\u00e9diats et n'arriveront qu'avec \u00ab les coups que nous recevrons de la plan\u00e8te, pas par volont\u00e9 politique \u00bb, affirme le biologiste. Jaume Grau<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les fronti\u00e8res du capitalisme mondial se sont \u00e9largies jusqu\u2019\u00e0 p\u00e9n\u00e9trer jusqu\u2019aux endroits les plus isol\u00e9s de la plan\u00e8te. Les politiques de croissance et l\u2019extractivisme ont provoqu\u00e9 la d\u00e9gradation de la biodiversit\u00e9 de notre plan\u00e8te et ont dilu\u00e9 son effet sur le confinement des maladies.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-9081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-covid","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"\n
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