{"id":10895,"date":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-cultural-center-may-2.local\/?p=10895"},"modified":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","slug":"the-european-response-to-the-emergency-situation-in-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/es\/the-european-response-to-the-emergency-situation-in-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"La respuesta europea a la situaci\u00f3n de emergencia en Ucrania"},"content":{"rendered":"

Este art\u00edculo ha sido escrito por Serin Tuncehan, Dionne Ruizendaal, Emma Santanach, Bel\u00e9n S\u00e1nchez y Giuseppe Menegus.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El 24 de febrero, la vida de millones de personas en Ucrania cambi\u00f3 dr\u00e1sticamente. En dos meses, la escalada del conflicto ha destruido infraestructuras civiles y causado v\u00edctimas civiles, obligando a la poblaci\u00f3n a abandonar sus hogares en busca de seguridad, protecci\u00f3n y ayuda. En este art\u00edculo, OCC explica la situaci\u00f3n actual de estas personas en Europa, prestando atenci\u00f3n al trabajo realizado por las organizaciones humanitarias en los pa\u00edses fronterizos y a las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos espa\u00f1ol y griego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan los \u00faltimos datos, que el ACNUR actualiza diariamente<\/a>, 5.372.854 personas ya han huido del pa\u00eds. Los pa\u00edses que han recibido la mayor afluencia de refugiados hasta el momento son Polonia (2.968.716), Ruman\u00eda (801.453) y la Federaci\u00f3n Rusa (641.752). Ninguno de ellos tiene experiencia previa en la gesti\u00f3n de flujos masivos de refugiados y han tenido que establecer r\u00e1pidamente sistemas de acogida para responder a la actual situaci\u00f3n de emergencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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El papel de las ONG en la frontera<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las iniciativas que las organizaciones humanitarias y sin \u00e1nimo de lucro est\u00e1n llevando a cabo en los pa\u00edses vecinos que comparten fronteras con Ucrania son cruciales. Por ejemplo, algunos miembros del equipo de OCC han estado trabajando como voluntarios con la ONG noruega Una gota en el oc\u00e9ano<\/a>, apoyando la Tienda Gratuita que la organizaci\u00f3n ha abierto en Polonia. Llamada \"Szafa Dobra\" (Armario de la Bondad en polaco), en la Tienda las personas refugiadas pueden conseguir ropa y calzado para mujeres, hombres, ni\u00f1os y beb\u00e9s \"de forma digna\", como se\u00f1ala el Coordinador de OCC Espa\u00f1a, Vincent van Grondelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al ser preguntado por el ambiente vivido en la frontera, van Grondelle explica que \"los polacos han respondido de forma extremadamente amable y han sido muy solidarios, acogiendo a personas refugiadas de Ucrania o haciendo donaciones todos los d\u00edas\". Seg\u00fan \u00e9l, aunque triste, \"era un ambiente muy positivo, con mucho apoyo a los ucranianos, muchos puntos de informaci\u00f3n, banderas ucranianas por todas partes, etc\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, van Grondelle explica que, al mismo tiempo, se trata de una situaci\u00f3n muy \"delicada\". \"Los pa\u00edses de Europa tienen que acoger a m\u00e1s personas, ya que los pa\u00edses vecinos, como Polonia, no pueden soportar solos la afluencia de refugiados\". Adem\u00e1s, es poco probable que estos pa\u00edses sean de tr\u00e1nsito, sino m\u00e1s bien de destino. Teniendo esto en cuenta, la \u00fanica certeza, por ahora, es que Europa en su conjunto tendr\u00e1 que hacer un esfuerzo para dar una respuesta satisfactoria a esta situaci\u00f3n sin precedentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una Europa comprometida con la ayuda<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afortunadamente, este esfuerzo ya se est\u00e1 realizando. Ante esta emergencia, la UE ha tomado medidas r\u00e1pidas para proporcionar formas particulares de ayuda<\/a>. Cualquier persona que resida de forma permanente en Ucrania puede solicitar un permiso temporal especial, de un a\u00f1o de duraci\u00f3n, que le permita acceder al mercado laboral, a la vivienda, a la atenci\u00f3n sanitaria y a la educaci\u00f3n de los hijos. Como alternativa, la solicitud de protecci\u00f3n internacional sigue siendo ciertamente posible, con beneficios similares a los de la protecci\u00f3n temporal; sin embargo, es probable que este procedimiento requiera plazos m\u00e1s largos e inciertos en relaci\u00f3n con el acceso al mercado laboral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las personas que huyen de la crisis ucraniana pueden entrar en cualquier pa\u00eds de la UE. De hecho, las autoridades afirman que no es necesario permanecer en el primer pa\u00eds de entrada a la UE, sino que pueden seguir viajando por el espacio Schengen sin restricciones fronterizas durante un periodo de 90 d\u00edas. Esto incluye a todos los pa\u00edses Schengen, aunque no sean europeos, como Noruega o Suiza, pero es cierto que la protecci\u00f3n temporal o internacional puede cambiar de un pa\u00eds europeo a otro no europeo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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En Espa\u00f1a<\/strong>, la p\u00e1gina web con la informaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s \u00fatil para las personas que huyen del conflicto ucraniano es la del Ministerio de Inclusi\u00f3n, Seguridad Social y Migraci\u00f3n<\/a>. Tambi\u00e9n se ofrecen vuelos, trenes y autobuses gratuitos desde Polonia a Espa\u00f1a. Los ucranianos no necesitan visado para entrar y permanecer tres meses como \"turistas\". Sin embargo, pueden acudir a cualquier oficina consular de los pa\u00edses fronterizos con Ucrania para preguntar sobre su situaci\u00f3n concreta. Adem\u00e1s, para cualquier pregunta sobre la situaci\u00f3n legal de cada persona, pueden ponerse en contacto con el Embajada de Ucrania en Espa\u00f1a<\/a>. La solicitud de protecci\u00f3n temporal, ante la Polic\u00eda Nacional. La solicitud de empadronamiento, en el Ayuntamiento de cada localidad. La tarjeta sanitaria, en la Seguridad Social y la escolarizaci\u00f3n en la Delegaci\u00f3n de Educaci\u00f3n de cada provincia. Adem\u00e1s, en cuanto al alojamiento, hay varias ONG que ofrecen alojamiento temporal gratuito, como CEAR, Cruz Roja y ACCEM. M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre la acogida de refugiados ucranianos en aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El gobierno griego<\/strong> tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 trabajando para acoger a quienes huyen de Ucrania. Los titulares de pasaporte pueden entrar en Grecia por cualquier punto, terrestre o a\u00e9reo, y pueden permanecer hasta 90 d\u00edas. Si el pasaporte no tiene caracter\u00edsticas biom\u00e9tricas, se requiere un visado de tr\u00e1nsito. Las personas sin documentos de viaje s\u00f3lo pueden acceder a trav\u00e9s del Departamento de Control de Pasaportes de Promahon, en la frontera con Bulgaria. Aqu\u00ed pueden obtener los documentos, v\u00e1lidos durante 90 d\u00edas, directamente de la embajada ucraniana en Grecia. Durante los 90 d\u00edas de estancia en el territorio griego, el Servicio de Asilo del Ministerio de Migraci\u00f3n y Asilo tramitar\u00e1 un permiso temporal especial, v\u00e1lido durante un a\u00f1o, con las facilidades descritas anteriormente. Adem\u00e1s, para quien lo necesite, existe la posibilidad de ser alojado durante un breve periodo en la estructura abierta de Sintiki, a la espera de la preparaci\u00f3n de los distintos documentos. Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, visite la p\u00e1gina web de migraci\u00f3n del gobierno griego, o p\u00f3ngase en contacto con el correo electr\u00f3nico: ukraine@migration.gov.gr.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 24 de febrero, la vida de millones de personas en Ucrania cambi\u00f3 dr\u00e1sticamente. En dos meses, la escalada del conflicto ha destruido la infraestructura civil y ha causado v\u00edctimas civiles, obligando a la poblaci\u00f3n a abandonar sus hogares en busca de seguridad, protecci\u00f3n y ayuda.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[163,126,190],"class_list":["post-10895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-conflict","tag-refugees","tag-ukraine","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"\nThe European response to the emergency situation in Ukraine - Open Cultural Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On February 24th, the lives of millions of people in Ukraine drastically changed. 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