{"id":13784,"date":"2024-07-01T08:00:38","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T08:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/?p=13784"},"modified":"2024-07-01T08:00:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T08:00:42","slug":"nea-kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/el\/nea-kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-middle-east\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u039d\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2: \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 Sandra Diaferia, \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 ESC \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf OCC Greece.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-275x275.png 275w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1-75x75.png 75w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Nea-Kavala-camp-residents-their-contexts-in-the-Middle-East-1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Open Cultural Center (OCC) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2023, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf Open Cultural Center, \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03af, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u039f\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03c2, \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Alexis Gkatsis, OCC Greece Coordinator, personal communication, 2023), \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (Schapendonk, 2011). \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Schapendonk (2011), \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (fe Van Houtum, 2012; Van Houtum &amp; Bueno Lacy, 2019) (Schapendonk &amp; Steel, 2014). \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 (fe Collyer et al., 2012; Collyer &amp; Samers, 2017). \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 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\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1: \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395; \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b7\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/middle-east.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/middle-east.png 512w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/middle-east-300x290.png 300w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/middle-east-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1: \u03a7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 (Wikitravel-The Free Travel Guide, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/wikitravel.org\/en\/Middle_East\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u2013 Wikitravel<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u039f\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u0391\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0395\u03bc\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03b9\u03c4 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023). \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c1\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf \u039b\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b7 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7 (\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, 2023). \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u039b\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u03a3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00bb, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (Van Houtum &amp; Boedeltje, 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 14.000.000 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 2011 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023). \u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc (FSA), \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 (History.Com Editors, 2018). \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u0386\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4 -\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd- \u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2- \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c1\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 , \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03bc\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, 2023). \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (History.Com Editors, 2018). \u03a4\u03bf Daesh, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 ISIS, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (History.Com Editors, 2019), \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf 2013 (History.Com Editors, 2019). \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf Daesh \u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (SDF) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd 98% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 Raqqa (\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, 2023) (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b1\u03bb \u0386\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 701 TP29T \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 SDF, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 10 \u03a3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 5,2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (Center for Preventive Action, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf OCC, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 2003, \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc \u03a7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u0390\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bb \u039a\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1992 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2003 (Wikipedia, 2024), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u039b\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd.<br>\u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba, \u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Daesh, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd. \u0394\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023), \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 Kocho, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf OCC, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023) . \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2024, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395 (\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf OCC, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd &amp; \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"801\" src=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13873\" srcset=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025.jpg 800w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025-275x275.jpg 275w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-afghanistan-pakistan-political-map-capitals-kabul-islamabad-national-1025-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2: \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd (https:\/\/www.dreamstime.com\/stock-photo-geographic-map-afghanistan-pakistan-important-cities-close-image92794834) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u039d\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (Nova Lection, 2021a). \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 1979 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1989 (Nova Lectio,2021b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf (AFP, 2021). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"897\" src=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-21-at-13.04.10-1024x897.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13790\" srcset=\"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-21-at-13.04.10-1024x897.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-21-at-13.04.10-300x263.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-21-at-13.04.10-768x672.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-21-at-13.04.10-14x12.jpeg 14w, https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-21-at-13.04.10.jpeg 1198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 3: \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd (Mittwoch, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/kurdcultur.blogspot.com\/2012\/01\/population-of-greater-kurdistan-and.html\">\u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2: \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a> )<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf OCC, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba. \u039f \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af, \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ae \u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03b9. \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2: \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c3\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf. 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\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n<cite><em>\u00ab\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 12 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\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03b6\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u0395\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 Rojava \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (PYD) \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (AANES), \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039b\u03c9\u03b6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1923, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba. \u0397 AANES \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Terral A., 2021-2022). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd (YPG) \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0395\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (The Washington Post, 2019). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd (PKK) \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf PKK \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a4\u03bf \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 PKK \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0386\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u0399\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac 24, 2015).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (YPJ) (Pendavingh, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u0395\u0395-\u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u03a0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Agence France-Presse (2021). \u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1: \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd. <em>\u039f \u03ba\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2. <\/em>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/aug\/16\/timeline-the-talibans-sweeping-offensive-in-afghanistan\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/aug\/16\/timeline-the-talibans-sweeping-offensive-in-afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 (2022). \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 760.000 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u0397\u0395 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd. <em>\u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1.<\/em> \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/11\/iran-more-than-760000-people-around-the-world-calling-for-un-investigative-mechanism-on-iran\/\">https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/11\/iran-more-than-760000-people-around-the-world-calling-for-un-investigative-mechanism-on-iran\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (2023). \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. <em>Global Conflict Tracker. <\/em>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/global-conflict-tracker\/conflict\/conflict-syria\">https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/global-conflict-tracker\/conflict\/conflict-syria<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collyer M. &amp; Samers M. (2017). \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0399\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1. 2\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7. <em>Routledge. \u03a4\u03ad\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c1<\/em> <em>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Francis group London &amp; New York.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>France 24 (2015). \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc-\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 PKK, \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1. <em>Youtube.<\/em> \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/videos\/riverview\/relatedvideo?q=kurdistan%20parties&amp;mid=EA7590DB1A06A88D8BAFEA7590DB1A06A88D8BAF&amp;ajaxhist=0\">https:\/\/www.bing.com\/videos\/riverview\/relatedvideo?q=kurdistan%20parties&amp;mid=EA7590DB1A06A88D8BAFEA7590DB1A06A88D8BAF&amp;ajaxhist=0<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. Com Editors (2018). \u03a3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. <em>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/em>. \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/middle-east\/the-history-of-syria\">https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/middle-east\/the-history-of-syria<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. Com Editors (2019). \u0399\u03a3\u0399\u03a3. <em>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<\/em> \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/isis\">https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/isis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nova Lectio (2021a). \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd: storia di una guerra senza fine (\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1). <em>YouTube.<\/em> \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gf5SKDOzLP8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gf5SKDOzLP8<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nova Lectio (2021b). \u0391\u03c6\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd: l&#039;invasione Sovietica e il fallimento americano (\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 2). <em>YouTube<\/em>. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sCsIU6CP5go\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sCsIU6CP5go<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pendavingh (2017). \u039f\u03b9 \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03b6\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1. The Unravel. <em>\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5<\/em>. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/theunravel.com.au\/women-of-the-rojava\">https:\/\/theunravel.com.au\/women-of-the-rojava<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schapendonk J. (2011). \u03a4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf Radboud.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schapendonk J. &amp; Steel G. (2014). \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd: \u0397 Im\/Mobility of Sub-Saharian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8&#039; \u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. <em>Annals of the Association of American Geographers<\/em>, 104:2, 262-270.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Terral A. (2021-2022). \u00bfRojava, una esperanza para la estabilidad de Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo; Historia, pol\u00edtica interior y relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas. <em>Institut National UniversitaireChampollion<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Washington Post (2019). \u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. The Fact Checker. <em>Youtube<\/em>. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/videos\/riverview\/relatedvideo?q=kurdish%20vs%20turkish&amp;mid=F9959D1CB3A31A962108F9959D1CB3A31A962108&amp;ajaxhist=0\">https:\/\/www.bing.com\/videos\/riverview\/relatedvideo?q=kurdish%20vs%20turkish&amp;mid=F9959D1CB3A31A962108F9959D1CB3A31A962108&amp;ajaxhist=0<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Van Houtum H. &amp; Boedeltje F. (2009). \u0397 \u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2: \u0398\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395.\u0395. <em>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/em> \u03a4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 41 \u0391\u03c1. 2, \u03c3\u03c3.226-230.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Van Houtum H. &amp; Bueno Lacy R. (2019). \u00abCeci nest pas la migration\u00bb: \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Frontex. <em>EBSCO Publishing: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wikipedia (2022). \u0398\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Mahsa Amini.<em> \u0392\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/em>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Mahsa_Amini\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Mahsa_Amini<\/a>Wikipedia (2024). 2003 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba. <em>\u0392\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/em> \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003_invasion_of_Iraq\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003_invasion_of_Iraq<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 ESC \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf OCC Greece, \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nea Kavala camp residents: their contexts in the Middle East - Open Cultural Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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