{"id":9081,"date":"2021-02-23T21:46:07","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T21:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-cultural-center-may-2.local\/?p=9081"},"modified":"2021-02-23T21:46:07","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T21:46:07","slug":"the-planetary-health-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/ca\/the-planetary-health-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"La pand\u00e8mia de la salut planet\u00e0ria"},"content":{"rendered":"
La nova pand\u00e8mia de coronavirus s\u2019ha demostrat com una de les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies causades pel deteriorament de la salut global del planeta. Segons Jordi Sunyer, director del Programa Inf\u00e0ncia i Medi Ambient de l\u2019Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), \u201cHem creat un desequilibri tan enorme al m\u00f3n, que ara mateix el planeta ja no pot mantenir ni garantir la salut humana\u201d. La p\u00e8rdua de biodiversitat, sumada a les altes taxes de contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica, s\u00f3n factors clau per entendre la ra\u00f3 de la propagaci\u00f3 i la incid\u00e8ncia d\u2019aquest tipus de virus ara, en un context de globalitzaci\u00f3 total i no en altres \u00e8poques de la nostra hist\u00f2ria recent. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La pres\u00e8ncia de virus a la Terra no \u00e9s estranya ni nova. N\u2019hi ha desenes de milers, per\u00f2 el contacte de les esp\u00e8cies humanes amb elles \u00e9s nom\u00e9s minoritari. El fet que es trobin en ecosistemes remots i de dif\u00edcil acc\u00e9s, ha limitat la seva interacci\u00f3 amb la gent fins ara. Una situaci\u00f3 que, com assenyala l\u2019activista i bi\u00f2leg d\u2019Ecologistas en Acci\u00f3n, Jaume Grau, \u201cha canviat com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de l\u2019expansi\u00f3 del capitalisme global, que busca expandir les fronteres extractives arreu del planeta\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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De fet, \u00e9s una q\u00fcesti\u00f3 sobre la qual ja advertien els mateixos caps de l\u2019Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut (OMS). El seu conseller delegat, el doctor Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, va afirmar el 2019 que \u201ccontinua sent l\u2019amena\u00e7a d\u2019una pand\u00e8mia de grip. El risc que un nou virus de la grip s'estengui dels animals als \u00e9ssers humans i causi una pand\u00e8mia \u00e9s constant i real. La q\u00fcesti\u00f3 \u00e9s no saber si hi haur\u00e0 una nova pand\u00e8mia de grip, sin\u00f3 quan passar\u00e0 \u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La realitat actual no \u00e9s el resultat d\u2019un dia. Jaume Grau recorda que \u201cla degradaci\u00f3 de la natura fa que les relacions ecol\u00f2giques entre esp\u00e8cies siguin cada vegada m\u00e9s senzilles, augmentant el risc i les possibilitats d\u2019estar en contacte amb virus que desconeixem. Per tant, aquest efecte de diluci\u00f3 que t\u00e9 la biodiversitat es perd \u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la degradaci\u00f3 de la biodiversitat com una de les causes de l\u2019actual pand\u00e8mia, la contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica destaca com un dels seus amplificadors.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u2019activista i bi\u00f2leg assenyala Europa com a exemple, on en el seu conjunt \u201cels vertebrats han redu\u00eft les seves poblacions un 60% durant els darrers 30 anys. En canvi, qu\u00e8 m\u00e9s? M\u00e9s humans i m\u00e9s cultiu de f\u00e0brica ". Una situaci\u00f3 que el mateix Grau vincula amb "el dogma econ\u00f2mic del creixement, mitjan\u00e7ant el qual els governants han ignorat la realitat, han intentat deixar de banda i llan\u00e7ar la pilota cap endavant, portant-nos a una carrera su\u00efcida cap a l'abisme".<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la degradaci\u00f3 de la biodiversitat com una de les causes de l\u2019actual pand\u00e8mia, la contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica destaca com un dels seus amplificadors. Segons una investigaci\u00f3 de la Universitat de Harvard TH Chan, "alg\u00fa que viu d\u00e8cades en un territori amb alts nivells de contaminaci\u00f3 per part\u00edcules fines \u2014conegut com a PM10 i PM2,5\u2014 t\u00e9 15% m\u00e9s probabilitats de morir de covid-19 que alg\u00fa que viu a una regi\u00f3 que nom\u00e9s t\u00e9 una unitat menys d\u2019aquesta contaminaci\u00f3 \u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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L\u2019investigador d\u2019ISGlobal Jordi Sunyer, que \u00e9s prudent al respecte, assegura que \u201cencara no ho sabem del cert. Al final, el que ha passat \u00e9s que molts dels casos es donen en situacions en qu\u00e8 hem tingut les millors condicions de qualitat de l\u2019aire en d\u00e8cades \u201d. Al mateix temps, i parlant de Barcelona, reafirma que "la contaminaci\u00f3 augmenta les malalties cardiovasculars i \u00e9s cert que les persones amb malalties cardiovasculars tenen un major risc de mortalitat amb els efectes espec\u00edfics del covid-19".<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L'estudi de la Universitat de Harvard, que t\u00e9 un total de m\u00e9s de 3.000 mostres de diferents regions dels Estats Units, suggereix que "l'exposici\u00f3 a llarg termini a la contaminaci\u00f3 de l'aire augmenta la vulnerabilitat a experimentar els resultats m\u00e9s greus del covid-19". Una situaci\u00f3 extrapolable a la capital catalana i la seva \u00e0rea metropolitana, on segons les \u00faltimes dades del Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya s\u2019han comptabilitzat 88.516 casos positius de covid-19, sent 84% del total de el territori catal\u00e0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Tot i que la densitat de poblaci\u00f3 \u00e9s un altre factor clau, cal recordar que Barcelona es troba dins de les ciutats m\u00e9s contaminades d\u2019Europa, amb concentracions di\u00e0ries de di\u00f2xid de nitrogen (NO2) superiors a les recomanades per la Uni\u00f3 Europea, procedents principalment de vehicles de transport privat. Segons l\u2019informe de 2019 de l\u2019Ag\u00e8ncia Europea de Medi Ambient, no s\u2019ha de superar la mitjana anual de 40 micrograms per metre c\u00fabic i les xifres de Barcelona superen \u00e0mpliament la barrera dels 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jaume Grau: "Tenim l'oportunitat de revertir la crisi ecol\u00f2gica, reconvertir l'economia, millorar la qualitat de vida de la societat i frenar i aturar completament la p\u00e8rdua d'esp\u00e8cies, per\u00f2 no amb el capitalisme verd"<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Despr\u00e9s d\u2019haver marcat els m\u00ednims hist\u00f2rics de contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica durant els durs mesos del tancament, a finals de juny, la ciutat de Barcelona ja tenia nivells de contaminaci\u00f3 propers als anteriors al tancament de l\u2019activitat econ\u00f2mica, per\u00f2 la mobilitat ni tan sols arribava a 70% de el total anterior a l\u2019inici de la pand\u00e8mia. Merc\u00e8 Rius, directora general de Qualitat Ambiental i Canvi Clim\u00e0tic de la Generalitat de Catalunya, va dir aleshores que \u201cla data que m\u00e9s temem \u00e9s el 15 de setembre. Si es repr\u00e8n el curs amb certa normalitat, tindrem escoles, universitats i persones que tornin a la feina alhora. Si no es fa servir el transport p\u00fablic per por, cosa que vam comen\u00e7ar a veure, podr\u00edem trobar valors superiors als anteriors a la pand\u00e8mia \u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Al mateix temps, Rius destaca que el departament vol promoure un canvi radical de mobilitat, dient que \u201cel que est\u00e0 clar i el que s\u2019ha vist, tal com hi va haver qui de vegades ho dubtava, \u00e9s que l\u2019impacte de la mobilitat sobre la qualitat de l\u2019aire a Barcelona \u00e9s realment important \u201d. Tot i que, per contra, la mateixa Generalitat va deixar en espera al comen\u00e7ament del tancament una de les poques mesures de control que han iniciat: l'impost sobre les emissions de vehicles antics que havia d'entrar en vigor aquest 2020. El director general de Medi Ambient Qualitat i canvi clim\u00e0tic al\u00b7ludeix a que "era impossible dur a terme aquesta mesura a causa de la par\u00e0lisi de tot l'organigrama causada per la situaci\u00f3 de la pand\u00e8mia".<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sembla clar que l\u2019assetjament constant contra la biodiversitat i la contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica augmenta la nostra vulnerabilitat, el que no \u00e9s tan obvi \u00e9s que es busquin o s\u2019apliquin solucions dr\u00e0stiques per canviar el rumb. De "Ecologistes en Acci\u00f3<\/strong>\u201d, Diu Jaume Grau que\u201c tenim l\u2019oportunitat de revertir la crisi ecol\u00f2gica, reconvertir l\u2019economia, millorar la qualitat de vida de la societat i frenar i aturar completament la p\u00e8rdua d\u2019esp\u00e8cies, per\u00f2 no amb el capitalisme verd \u201d. A la qual cosa afegeix que \u201cabans de qualsevol altra cosa, lluitem perqu\u00e8 la humanitat continu\u00ef vivint al planeta amb qualitat de vida i per una q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de just\u00edcia social. Per tant, els cotxes el\u00e8ctrics, un emblema del capitalisme verd, no s\u00f3n la soluci\u00f3, pensem que calen molts canvis estructurals i que estiguin centrats en solucions de mobilitat col\u00b7lectiva i regulacions que ajudin al consum local \u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Finalment, l\u2019investigador Jordi Sunye<\/strong>r d'ISGlobal insisteix en el tema que "hem impulsat fins al l\u00edmit l'acceleraci\u00f3 del planeta que la salut humana ja no pot ser independent de la salut planet\u00e0ria". Per tant, i amb cert pessimisme, recorda que \u201cara tornem a veure com hi ha un dogma fort, com ho \u00e9s l\u2019economia, i febles dogmes, com tamb\u00e9 ho s\u00f3n els ecologia, sostenibilitat o salut<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Els canvis, tot i l\u2019evident emerg\u00e8ncia clim\u00e0tica i, per tant, sanitaris, semblen que no seran immediats i nom\u00e9s arribaran amb \u201cles batudes que rebrem del planeta, no per voluntat pol\u00edtica\u201d, afirma el bi\u00f2leg Jaume Grau<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Des del final de la Segona Guerra Mundial, les fronteres del capitalisme global s\u2019han anat expandint fins que han penetrat als llocs m\u00e9s a\u00efllats del planeta. Les pol\u00edtiques de creixement i l\u2019extractivisme han provocat la degradaci\u00f3 de la biodiversitat del nostre planeta i han dilu\u00eft el seu efecte sobre la contenci\u00f3 de malalties.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-9081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-covid","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"\n
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