{"id":3574,"date":"2018-09-28T16:52:45","date_gmt":"2018-09-28T16:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-cultural-center-may-2.local\/?p=3574"},"modified":"2018-09-28T16:52:45","modified_gmt":"2018-09-28T16:52:45","slug":"the-development-presentation-and-reception-of-the-global-compact-on-migration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/ca\/the-development-presentation-and-reception-of-the-global-compact-on-migration\/","title":{"rendered":"El desenvolupament, presentaci\u00f3 i recepci\u00f3 del Pacte Mundial sobre Migracions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Aconseguir una migraci\u00f3 segura, ordenada i regular<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Al setembre de 2016, els 193 membres de l\u2019Assemblea General de l\u2019ONU van aprovar per unanimitat un text anomenat el <em>Declaraci\u00f3 de Nova York<\/em>, que t\u00e9 com a objectiu millorar la gesti\u00f3 internacional de refugiats i migrants, tant en recepci\u00f3 com en suport a la devoluci\u00f3. A partir d\u2019aquesta declaraci\u00f3, Filippo Grandi, l\u2019alta comiss\u00e0ria per als refugiats, havia de presentar un pacte global sobre les pol\u00edtiques mundials i nacionals per a les properes d\u00e8cades en el seu proper informe anual per a l\u2019Assemblea General de 2018.<\/p>\n<p>En aquesta declaraci\u00f3, els Estats membres van recon\u00e8ixer la necessitat d\u2019un enfocament global sobre la mobilitat humana i la forta cooperaci\u00f3 global, i es comprometen a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protegir en tot moment la seguretat, la dignitat, els drets humans i les llibertats fonamentals de tots els migrants, independentment del seu estatut;<\/li>\n<li>Donar suport als pa\u00efsos en el rescat i la recepci\u00f3 de refugiats i immigrants;<\/li>\n<li>Integrar els immigrants a trav\u00e9s d\u2019assist\u00e8ncia humanit\u00e0ria i programes de desenvolupament: abordar les necessitats i capacitats dels immigrants i les de les comunitats que les acullen;<\/li>\n<li>Combatre la xenof\u00f2bia, el racisme i la discriminaci\u00f3 contra els immigrants;<\/li>\n<li>Desenvolupar-se a trav\u00e9s de processos, principis i directrius dirigits per l&#039;Estat sobre el tractament dels immigrants en condicions de vulnerabilitat;<\/li>\n<li>Refor\u00e7ar la governan\u00e7a mundial en mat\u00e8ria de migraci\u00f3, amb l\u2019entrada de l\u2019OIM (Organitzaci\u00f3 Internacional per a les Migracions) a l\u2019ONU i el desenvolupament d\u2019un acord per a una migraci\u00f3 segura, ordenada i regular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aquest enfocament, que havia de ser anomenat Pacte Mundial per a les Migracions, tenia com a objectiu identificar procediments i definir compromisos compartits per part de la comunitat internacional, per tal de gestionar de manera m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 els fen\u00f2mens migratoris a nivell global i potenciar la mobilitat humana com a conductor. per a processos de desenvolupament sostenible. En particular, la idea del Pacte Mundial per a les Migracions estava orientada a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Establir principis i compromisos entre els estats membres sobre la migraci\u00f3 internacional en totes les seves dimensions;<\/li>\n<li>Oferir una important contribuci\u00f3 a la governan\u00e7a global i enfortir la coordinaci\u00f3 intergovernamental en relaci\u00f3 amb el fenomen de la migraci\u00f3;<\/li>\n<li>Presenta pol\u00edtiques compartides per a la cooperaci\u00f3 internacional en mobilitat humana;<\/li>\n<li>Afrontant conjuntament les m\u00faltiples dimensions de la migraci\u00f3 internacional.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En aquest context, els compromisos concrets i responsables, els mitjans d\u2019execuci\u00f3 i el marc per al seguiment i la revisi\u00f3 dels procediments d\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 hauran de definir-se a trav\u00e9s del Pacte Mundial sobre les Migracions.<\/p>\n<p>Amb aquesta finalitat, el proc\u00e9s preparatori del Pacte Mundial sobre Migracions s&#039;orienta cap a una l\u00f2gica de participaci\u00f3 inclusiva, consolidant les perspectives de les diverses parts interessades de diferents maneres: governs, organitzacions de les Nacions Unides, societat civil, investigaci\u00f3 dels immigrants i universitats. institucions i molt m\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>D&#039;acord amb la Resoluci\u00f3 sobre el <em>modalitats per a les negociacions intergovernamentals del MCG (A \/ RES \/ 71\/280)<\/em>, adoptat el 6 d&#039;abril de 2017, el proc\u00e9s preparatori que va conduir a l\u2019adopci\u00f3 del Pacte Mundial per a les Migracions va incloure tres fases:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Fase I, articulada en consultes (consultes tem\u00e0tiques, nacionals, regionals i d\u2019altres), que va tenir lloc d\u2019abril a novembre de 2017;<\/li>\n<li>Fase II, dedicada a l&#039;elaboraci\u00f3 dels resultats dels processos de consulta, que va tenir lloc de novembre de 2017 a gener de 2018;<\/li>\n<li>Fase III, dedicada a les negociacions intergovernamentals, celebrada de febrer a juliol de 2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>13 de juliol de 2018: Presentaci\u00f3 del Pacte Mundial per a les Migracions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Despr\u00e9s de m\u00e9s d&#039;un any de discussions i consultes entre estats membres de l&#039;ONU amb pol\u00edtics i funcionaris locals, representants de la societat civil i els propis immigrants, el text del Pacte Mundial per a les Migracions es va completar el 13 de juliol de 2018. Preparat sota la supervisi\u00f3 de les Nacions Unides , i com a resultat de les negociacions entre Estats, el pacte global per a la migraci\u00f3 ser\u00e0 el primer acord intergovernamental per gestionar les dimensions de la migraci\u00f3 internacional de manera integral, amb una atenci\u00f3 especial als drets dels immigrants i al desenvolupament territorial sostenible. El secretari general de l&#039;ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, va definir l&#039;acord com &quot;significatiu&quot;, ja que reflecteix una idea compartida pels governs que &quot;la migraci\u00f3 transfronterera \u00e9s un fenomen internacional que requereix una cooperaci\u00f3 internacional per gestionar-la millor i ressaltar el seu impacte positiu per a tots els actors implicats&quot; .<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e9s, segons Guterres, el tractat &quot;reconeix que cada individu t\u00e9 el dret de seguretat, dignitat i protecci\u00f3 i que els objectius i les accions implementades o en revisi\u00f3 facilitaran una migraci\u00f3 segura, ordenada i regular, reduint la incid\u00e8ncia i l&#039;impacte de les irregularitats migraci\u00f3 \u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El president de l\u2019Assemblea General de l\u2019ONU, Miroslav Laj\u010d\u00e1k, va parlar d\u2019un &quot;moment hist\u00f2ric&quot; i va posar de manifest l\u2019enorme potencial del Pacte Mundial, perqu\u00e8 la considera com una nova plataforma de cooperaci\u00f3 que no incentivar\u00e0 ni frenar\u00e0 les migracions i que no dictin. certes normes als estats, per\u00f2 respectar\u00e0 la seva plena sobirania. Al mateix temps, la plataforma no \u00e9s legalment vinculant, sin\u00f3 que \u00e9s un recurs que &quot;ens ajudar\u00e0 a trobar un equilibri i explotar els beneficis de les migracions&quot;, alhora que &quot;mitiga els seus riscos&quot;. &quot;\u00c9s una nova plataforma de cooperaci\u00f3 que no fomenta ni frena les migracions, que no dictaran normes als Estats, sin\u00f3 que respectar\u00e0 la seva plena sobirania i ni tan sols ser\u00e0 legalment vinculant, per\u00f2 ser\u00e0 un recurs que ens ajudar\u00e0 a trobar un balan\u00e7 i aprofitar els beneficis de la migraci\u00f3, mitigant els seus riscos &quot;.<\/p>\n<p>Segons Louise Arbour, representant especial per a la migraci\u00f3 internacional, els nous aspectes ca\u00f2tics i els perills d\u2019explotaci\u00f3 inherents a la migraci\u00f3 internacional seran controlats adequadament pel nou acord, ja que creu en els beneficis a nivell social, econ\u00f2mic i de seguretat que s\u00f3n possibles mitjan\u00e7ant un document que resulta de la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 multilateral.<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e9s, William Lacy Swing, director general de l&#039;OIM, tamb\u00e9 va acollir amb satisfacci\u00f3 el m\u00e8tode adoptat pels Estats membres com &quot;aquest acord no marca el final del comprom\u00eds, sin\u00f3 l&#039;inici d&#039;un esfor\u00e7 hist\u00f2ric per configurar l&#039;agenda global de la migraci\u00f3&quot;. &quot;Durant tot el proc\u00e9s, va explicar Swing, tothom ha reconegut clarament que la migraci\u00f3 \u00e9s principalment de persones. I aquest enfocament centrat en els immigrants i adoptat pels co-facilitadors mexicans, su\u00efssos i el representant especial del secretari general sobre migracions internacionals, no t\u00e9 precedents a la hist\u00f2ria \u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El Pacte Mundial ser\u00e0 adoptat formalment pels Estats membres en una confer\u00e8ncia intergovernamental que se celebrar\u00e0 a Marr\u00e0queix, el Marroc, als 10 anys.<sup>th<\/sup> i 11<sup>th<\/sup> de desembre de 2018. Amina Mohammed, secret\u00e0ria general de les Nacions Unides per a les Migracions, presidir\u00e0 la reuni\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Un acord hist\u00f2ric, per\u00f2, qu\u00e8 canviar\u00e0 per als immigrants?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&#039;important \u00e8xit de l&#039;acord &quot;a porta tancada&quot; va ser explicat pels periodistes pel president de l&#039;Assemblea General de l&#039;ONU, Miroslav Lajcak, juntament amb el representant especial del secretari general de migraci\u00f3 internacional Louise Arbour i l&#039;ambaixador mexic\u00e0 Juan Camacho. Van presentar l\u2019acord amb un to triomfal, per\u00f2 les condicions de l\u2019acord no s\u00f3n vinculants per als pa\u00efsos implicats. D&#039;acord amb aix\u00f2, queden dubtes sobre qu\u00e8 canviar\u00e0 per a les pol\u00edtiques contra els immigrants dels governs, especialment a Europa.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019acord sens dubte \u00e9s un punt per al desenvolupament de la cooperaci\u00f3 sobre el fenomen de les ones migrat\u00f2ries, especialment en el context internacional. No obstant aix\u00f2, l&#039;euf\u00f2ria amb la qual es va presentar als periodistes podia d&#039;alguna manera semblar fora de lloc, sobretot a causa de la naturalesa no vinculant de la mateixa. De fet, quant pot influir realment en la situaci\u00f3 europea, on les nacions no nom\u00e9s lluiten per trobar una l\u00ednia d\u2019acci\u00f3 comuna en la gesti\u00f3 dels fluxos de refugiats, sin\u00f3 que tendeixen a moure&#039;s cap a una direcci\u00f3 oposada a l\u2019acord?<\/p>\n<p>Els dubtes sobre el valor de la part no acordada de l\u2019acord tamb\u00e9 es van expressar durant la confer\u00e8ncia de premsa del 12 de juliol per Antonio Guterres, quan el secretari general de l\u2019ONU va haver d\u2019admetre que \u201cl\u2019acord representa una mena de llei suau , una col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de principis rectors, que els Estats poden seguir sense adoptar realment tots els aspectes &quot;.<\/p>\n<p>En aquest sentit, el president de l\u2019Assemblea General Miroslav Lajcak va declarar que &quot;l\u2019acord no vol resoldre tots els problemes relacionats amb el fenomen&quot;, per\u00f2 el seu &quot;objectiu \u00e9s fer-ho segur, ordenat i regulat&quot;, especificant que &quot;ajudar\u00e0 governs nacionals \u201di, a m\u00e9s,&quot; ens indica un conjunt de principis sobre el que \u00e9s i no \u00e9s la migraci\u00f3 &quot;.<\/p>\n<p>Un comentari similar el va fer l\u2019enviat especial de la secret\u00e0ria general, Louise Arbour, que ha reconegut que l\u2019acord podria ser m\u00e9s just o m\u00e9s fonamental, per\u00f2 &quot;l\u2019esfor\u00e7 realitzat servir\u00e0 per superar l\u2019aspecte negatiu que normalment s\u2019associa amb la migraci\u00f3&quot;. fenomen, quan nom\u00e9s es nota la posici\u00f3 irregular de les persones implicades &quot;. Tamb\u00e9 va afegir que &quot;l&#039;important \u00e9s que l&#039;opini\u00f3 p\u00fablica entengui els diferents aspectes del fenomen, molts dels quals poden estar vinculats a un entorn segur i regulat&quot;, destacant el fet que &quot;salvar vides \u00e9s el nostre prop\u00f2sit&quot;.<\/p>\n<p>Seguidament, es va poder concloure que no era possible obtenir m\u00e9s guanys de l\u2019acord. Per tant, pel que fa a la mis\u00e8ria que pateixen els immigrants al mar Mediterrani i m\u00e9s enll\u00e0, potser hauria estat m\u00e9s convenient anunciar l\u2019acord al Palau de Vidre de l\u2019ONU amb un to m\u00e9s temperat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fonts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.corriere.it\/esteri\/cards\/accordo-onu-migranti-5-punti\/che-cos-e_principale.shtml?refresh_ce-cp\">https:\/\/www.corriere.it\/esteri\/cards\/accordo-onu-migranti-5-punti\/che-cos-e_principale.shtml?refresh_ce-cp<\/a> <em>d\u2019Alessandra Muglia, 3<sup>rd<\/sup> de desembre de 2017;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/italy.iom.int\/it\/global-compact-una-migrazione-sicura-ordinata-e-regolare\">https:\/\/italy.iom.int\/it\/global-compact-una-migrazione-sicura-ordinata-e-regolare<\/a>;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.agensir.it\/quotidiano\/2018\/7\/14\/migrazioni-onu-accordo-sul-global-compact-for-migration\/\">https:\/\/www.agensir.it\/quotidiano\/2018\/7\/14\/migrazioni-onu-accordo-sul-global-compact-for-migration\/<\/a> <em>14<sup>th<\/sup> de juliol de 2018;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lavocedinewyork.com\/onu\/2018\/07\/13\/global-compact-migrazione-allonu-accordo-storico-ma-per-i-migranti-che-cambia\/\">https:\/\/www.lavocedinewyork.com\/onu\/2018\/07\/13\/global-compact-migrazione-allonu-accordo-storico-ma-per-i-migranti-che-cambia\/<\/a> <em>de Chiara Nobis i Stefano Vaccara, 13<sup>th<\/sup> de juliol del 2018.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En aquest context, els compromisos concrets i responsables, els mitjans d\u2019execuci\u00f3 i el marc per al seguiment i la revisi\u00f3 dels procediments d\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 hauran de definir-se a trav\u00e9s del Pacte Mundial sobre les Migracions.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The development, presentation and reception of the Global Compact on Migration - Open Cultural Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In September 2016, the 193 members of the UN General Assembly unanimously approved a text called the New York Declaration, which aims to improve the international management of refugees and migrants, both in reception and in support for returns. 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