{"id":11284,"date":"2022-09-02T16:09:43","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T16:09:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-cultural-center-may-2.local\/?p=11284"},"modified":"2022-09-02T16:09:43","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T16:09:43","slug":"what-afghan-people-want-us-to-know-about-their-country","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/ca\/what-afghan-people-want-us-to-know-about-their-country\/","title":{"rendered":"El que els afganesos volen que coneguem del seu pa\u00eds"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aquest article ha estat desenvolupat per Flavia Ceccarelli i Juan Sandes.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fa unes setmanes, a l'Afganistan, es van celebrar les celebracions per commemorar un any de domini taliban. Aix\u00f2 no ha estat acceptat pel conjunt de la societat. Un any despr\u00e9s de la presa de poder dels talibans, la situaci\u00f3 humanit\u00e0ria a l'Afganistan continua sent un repte. M\u00e9s de la meitat de la poblaci\u00f3 dep\u00e8n de l'assist\u00e8ncia humanit\u00e0ria, amb molts despla\u00e7ats interns que viuen en assentaments improvisats. Fora de l'Afganistan, els que van marxar s'enfronten als reptes de reconstruir les seves vides en un lloc nou, sovint vivint al marge de la societat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vam decidir retratar aquest pa\u00eds a trav\u00e9s de les paraules del poble afgan\u00e8s que viu al campament de Nea Kavala i a Polykastro com a sol\u00b7licitants d'asil. De fet, com a ONG, el nostre objectiu principal \u00e9s amplificar i difondre la veu d'aquells que tenen molt a explicar per\u00f2 no hi ha manera de ser escoltats. Aix\u00ed doncs, ens vam asseure a la nostra cafeteria convidant a tothom que volgu\u00e9s parlar amb nosaltres i fent nom\u00e9s una pregunta: Qu\u00e8 vols que la gent s\u00e0piga del teu pa\u00eds? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deixem que la gent se senti lliure de compartir amb nosaltres el primer que li va venir al cap...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\"\"
\n

F\u00e0tima: \u201cMolta gent ha acceptat el nou r\u00e8gim, per\u00f2 no a totes les ciutats\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e0tima<\/strong>*, una noia de 19 anys, va ser la primera que va decidir acompanyar-nos. Va comen\u00e7ar a parlar de la situaci\u00f3 actual de les dones afganeses. Tan bon punt li vam fer la nostra pregunta, es va posar seriosa: la seva ment va volar a l'Afganistan actual imaginant-se com seria la situaci\u00f3 si es qued\u00e9s. \u201cSi hi fos ara mateix, no podria estudiar, treballar ni conduir, hauria de cobrir-me de cap a peus i obeir al meu marit. Hi ha tantes restriccions a respectar que ni tan sols podria pujar a un taxi perqu\u00e8 el taxista seria un home a qui no pertanyo, sempre hauria d'anar acompanyat del meu marit o d'un familiar\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afegeix que no podia vestir-se com la veiem ara, amb sand\u00e0lies, pantalons, camisa i hijab perqu\u00e8 a l'Afganistan portaria un xador<\/em>, com totes les noies i dones que hi van quedar. I \u00e9s amb ells en ment que abaixa la mirada parlant-nos de la seva tia i la seva cosina, que es van quedar a la seva ciutat natal Herat, no lluny de la frontera amb l'Iran. Amb una mirada preocupada, com si de sobte tingu\u00e9s por de ser escoltada per alg\u00fa, ens revela que el marit de la seva tia d\u00f3na suport als talibans i que, per tant, els costa molt escapar, encara que ja ho hagin intentat set vegades. Si s\u00f3n descoberts, els c\u00e0stigs que poden patir per tra\u00efci\u00f3 poden ser for\u00e7a greus, fins a la mort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En aquest punt, F\u00e0tima* torna a la situaci\u00f3 actual a l'Afganistan, explicant que molta gent ha acceptat el nou r\u00e8gim, per\u00f2 no a totes les ciutats. Per exemple, a Panjshir els locals encara hi lluiten i, tot i que la lluita \u00e9s dura i molta gent est\u00e0 morint, continuen la resist\u00e8ncia defensant la seva bandera i rebutjant la nova imposada pels talibans.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A continuaci\u00f3, remarca el problema de la discriminaci\u00f3 entre els musulmans sunnites, que s\u00f3n la majoria dels talibans, i els musulmans xi\u00eftes, als quals pertany. De fet, la comunitat xi\u00efta fa molts anys que s'enfronta a la persecuci\u00f3 a l'Afganistan i ara la situaci\u00f3 no millora. Ella ens parla l'explosi\u00f3<\/a> en una zona residencial xi\u00efta de Kabul que va matar almenys vuit persones i va ferir 18 m\u00e9s el 5 d'agost d'aquest any, quan la comunitat commemorava els dies de Muharram<\/a>, el per\u00edode de dol xi\u00efta. Aquest episodi va ser reivindicat per una branca de l'Estat Isl\u00e0mic, un grup militant extremista sunnita que ha dut a terme desenes d'atemptats i tiroteigs a la zona dominada pels xi\u00eftes de Kabul occidental en els \u00faltims anys. El grup es coneix com a Estat Isl\u00e0mic-Khorasan o ISIS-K.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aleshores, despr\u00e9s d'una breu pausa i un sospir, F\u00e0tima* comen\u00e7a a compartir amb nosaltres la hist\u00f2ria de la fugida de la seva fam\u00edlia durant la guerra afganesa (1979-1989). La seva \u00e0via amb la seva filla (la mare de F\u00e0tima*), que tenia tres anys, van fugir de l'Afganistan quan el seu marit va ser assassinat per un grup de fonamentalistes sunnites per ser xi\u00efta. Van anar a l'Iran, on van pensar que podien trobar un refugi segur. Per\u00f2 les coses no van sortir com esperaven. A l'Iran, els afganesos mai han estat benvinguts. Fa anys que viuen marginats sense cap esperan\u00e7a d'integraci\u00f3. Ens explica que no poden assistir a totes les escoles i aix\u00f2 dificulta la seva formaci\u00f3 i integraci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, no poden tenir carnet de conduir i, en molts casos, no poden comprar una casa.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9s a partir d'aquestes condicions que els refugiats afganesos comencen a adonar-se que el seu pa\u00eds ve\u00ed ni els accepta, els considera ni els tracta amb dignitat. Aix\u00ed doncs, consideren que \u00e9s millor fugir, potser a un pa\u00eds europeu, i van comen\u00e7ar de nou la fugida. F\u00e0tima* informa que de l'Iran va fugir amb la seva mare a Turquia per continuar marxant cap a Gr\u00e8cia. A Turquia, la policia la va detenir una i altra vegada. Ens explica com \u00e9s de por i frustrant viure fugint de la policia encara que no hagis fet res dolent, no ets un criminal. Despr\u00e9s d'un altre intent d'escapar de Turquia, ella i la seva mare van pagar 900$ cadascun i van agafar un vaixell amb 76 persones m\u00e9s fins a Gr\u00e8cia. Ara estan esperant anar a Alemanya per retrobar-se amb la seva fam\u00edlia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aleshores, abans d'acomiadar-se, ens mira amb complicitat i ens diu amb un somriure \u201cEl que m\u00e9s espero \u00e9s que algun dia la gent pugui viure lliurement''.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\"\"
\n

Mohammad: "Si hi ha un regal que la gent a l'Afganistan t\u00e9, aquest \u00e9s l'hospitalitat: s\u00f3n molt amables i acollidors, si ets el seu convidat, et donen tot el que tenen".<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

La segona persona que ve a parlar amb nosaltres \u00e9s Mohammad<\/strong>*, de 36 anys. \u00c9s de Ghazni, un poble de l'est de l'Afganistan, i pertany a l'\u00e8tnia Hazara. Mohammad* no \u00e9s l'\u00fanic d'aquesta \u00e8tnia aqu\u00ed a Polykastro. De fet, la majoria dels refugiats amb els que estem en contacte cada dia provenen de l'Afganistan i pertanyen a l'\u00e8tnia Hazara, que fa temps que \u00e9s objecte de persecuci\u00f3,<\/a> marginaci\u00f3 i massacres<\/a> a causa de l'\u00e8tnia i la fe xi\u00efta en un pa\u00eds predominantment sunnita-musulm\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En escoltar la nostra pregunta, somriu. Li recorda tot el patrimoni cultural del seu pa\u00eds, els jaciments arqueol\u00f2gics i els monuments. Vol que la gent conegui l'Afganistan per la seva hist\u00f2ria i bellesa, i no nom\u00e9s per la guerra i la viol\u00e8ncia. Aix\u00ed doncs, agafa el tel\u00e8fon i comen\u00e7a a mostrar-nos v\u00eddeos de YouTube de tota la riquesa hist\u00f2rica de les principals ciutats afganeses: ens ensenya el Budes de Bamiyan<\/a>, el Minaret de Jam<\/a>, el Ciutat de Balkh<\/a>, i la cerim\u00f2nia de Jahenda Bala per celebrar la Nit de Cap d'Any<\/a>. Aleshores, mantenint el seu entusiasme, ens explica alguna cosa sobre el poble afgan\u00e8s: \u201cSi hi ha un regal que t\u00e9 la gent a l'Afganistan, aquest \u00e9s l'hospitalitat: s\u00f3n molt amables i acollidors, si ets el seu convidat, et donen tot el que tenen. tenir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despr\u00e9s es posa seriosament i ens diu que malauradament el seu pa\u00eds fa d\u00e8cades que es troba en un per\u00edode de foscor, i esmenta l'\u00faltim president de la Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e0tica d'Afganistan, Mohammad Najibullah, executat pels talibans el 1996 quan es van fer c\u00e0rrec de la capital, Kabul i van establir el seu primer r\u00e8gim teocr\u00e0tic. Ens diu que des de l'arribada dels talibans a l'Afganistan no hi ha hagut pau. Despr\u00e9s, arran de la intervenci\u00f3 de l'OTAN el 2001, el nivell de viol\u00e8ncia, caos i guerrilla va augmentar. Aix\u00ed que, amb 15 anys, l'any 2003, despr\u00e9s de viure un altre episodi traum\u00e0tic \u2013una explosi\u00f3 sobtada en qu\u00e8 el seu cos\u00ed va perdre la vida\u2013, va decidir deixar-ho tot i fugir, sol sense dir-ho a ning\u00fa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despr\u00e9s, conclou agraint-nos perqu\u00e8 creu que \u00e9s important parlar de la bona gent de l'Afganistan, per evitar que la gent es generalitzi. Vol subratllar que la gent a l'Afganistan \u00e9s diferent, com a cada pa\u00eds del m\u00f3n: "Aix\u00ed com en cada fam\u00edlia de bona gent hi pot haver una persona que es porti malament, tamb\u00e9 passa amb els habitants de cada pa\u00eds". Intentar no generalitzar de vegades no \u00e9s f\u00e0cil: com menys coneixeu la realitat, m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil \u00e9s caure en simplificacions.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La met\u00e0fora de la foscor per descriure l'Afganistan tamb\u00e9 torna en les paraules de Setayesh*. Per a ella, la foscor \u00e9s analfabetisme.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>
\n

Setayesh: \u201cLa gent a l'Afganistan est\u00e0 viva per\u00f2 no viu, no \u00e9s conscient del m\u00f3n perqu\u00e8 no sap llegir\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Setayesh<\/strong>* \u00e9s una dona hazariana de 26 anys que va fugir de l'Afganistan fa quatre anys i va arribar a Polykastro, camp de Nea Kavala, despr\u00e9s de passar tres anys al camp de refugiats de Moria (Lesvos) en una situaci\u00f3 que, segons ella relata, era molt dura i perill\u00f3s. Ens explica que la taxa d'analfabetisme \u00e9s molt alta a l'Afganistan, per la inestabilitat que caracteritza el pa\u00eds durant d\u00e8cades. Aix\u00f2 ha dificultat l'acc\u00e9s a l'escola: \u201cLa gent a l'Afganistan \u00e9s viva per\u00f2 no viu, no \u00e9s conscient del m\u00f3n perqu\u00e8 no sap llegir\u201d.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diferents hist\u00f2ries per\u00f2 la mateixa esperan\u00e7a de poder viure junts a l'Afganistan un dia sense odi i sense discriminaci\u00f3, nom\u00e9s sent persones lliures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*S'han canviat els noms per motius de protecci\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En aquesta entrada del blog, retratem l'Afganistan a trav\u00e9s de les paraules del poble afgan\u00e8s que viu al campament de Nea Kavala i a Polykastro com a sol\u00b7licitants d'asil. Acabem de fer una pregunta als entrevistats: qu\u00e8 voleu que la gent s\u00e0piga del vostre pa\u00eds?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[161,164,126],"class_list":["post-11284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-afghanistan","tag-greece","tag-refugees","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Afghan people want us to know about their country - Open Cultural Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this blog post, we portray Afghanistan through the words of the Afghan people that are living in the camp of Nea Kavala and in Polykastro as asylum seekers. 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