{"id":10895,"date":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/open-cultural-center-may-2.local\/?p=10895"},"modified":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T12:43:03","slug":"the-european-response-to-the-emergency-situation-in-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/occ.vsgconsulting.eu\/ca\/the-european-response-to-the-emergency-situation-in-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"La resposta europea a la situaci\u00f3 d'emerg\u00e8ncia a Ucra\u00efna"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aquest article ha estat escrit per Serin Tuncehan, Dionne Ruizendaal, Emma Santanach, Bel\u00e9n S\u00e1nchez i Giuseppe Menegus.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El 24 de febrer, la vida de milions de persones a Ucra\u00efna va canviar dr\u00e0sticament. En dos mesos, l'escalada del conflicte ha destru\u00eft infraestructures civils i ha causat v\u00edctimes civils, obligant la gent a abandonar les seves llars a la recerca de seguretat, protecci\u00f3 i assist\u00e8ncia. En aquest article, l'OCC explica la situaci\u00f3 actual d'aquestes persones a Europa, prestant atenci\u00f3 a la tasca que duen a terme les organitzacions humanit\u00e0ries als pa\u00efsos lim\u00edtrofs i a les actuacions dels governs espanyol i grec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Segons les \u00faltimes dades, que ACNUR actualitza di\u00e0riament<\/a>, 5.372.854 persones ja han fugit del pa\u00eds. Els pa\u00efsos que han rebut la major aflu\u00e8ncia de refugiats fins ara s\u00f3n Pol\u00f2nia (2.968.716), Romania (801.453) i la Federaci\u00f3 Russa (641.752). Cap d'ells t\u00e9 experi\u00e8ncia pr\u00e8via en la gesti\u00f3 dels fluxos massius de refugiats i ha hagut d'establir r\u00e0pidament sistemes d'acollida per donar resposta a la situaci\u00f3 d'emerg\u00e8ncia actual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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El paper de les ONG a la frontera<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les iniciatives que estan duent a terme les organitzacions humanit\u00e0ries i sense \u00e0nim de lucre als pa\u00efsos ve\u00efns que comparteixen fronteres amb Ucra\u00efna s\u00f3n crucials. Per exemple, alguns membres de l'equip de l'OCC han estat treballant com a voluntaris amb l'ONG noruega Una gota a l'oce\u00e0<\/a>, donant suport a la Free Shop que l'organitzaci\u00f3 ha obert a Pol\u00f2nia. Anomenada "Szafa Dobra" (armari de la bondat en polon\u00e8s), a la botiga els refugiats poden aconseguir roba i cal\u00e7at per a dones, homes, nens i nadons "d'una manera digna", com apunta el coordinador d'OCC Espanya, Vincent van Grondelle. fora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan se li pregunta sobre l'ambient que es viu a la frontera, van Grondelle explica que "la gent polonesa ha respost d'una manera molt agradable i ha estat molt solidari, acollint persones refugiades d'Ucra\u00efna o fent donacions cada dia". Segons ell, encara que trist, \u201cva ser un ambient molt positiu, amb molt de suport als ucra\u00efnesos, molts punts d'informaci\u00f3, banderes ucra\u00efneses per tot arreu, etc\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tot i aix\u00f2, van Grondelle explica que, alhora, \u00e9s una situaci\u00f3 molt "delicada". "Els pa\u00efsos d'arreu d'Europa han d'acollir m\u00e9s gent, ja que pa\u00efsos ve\u00efns com Pol\u00f2nia no poden fer front a l'aflu\u00e8ncia de refugiats sols". A m\u00e9s, \u00e9s poc probable que aquests pa\u00efsos siguin pa\u00efsos de tr\u00e0nsit, sin\u00f3 pa\u00efsos de destinaci\u00f3. Tenint-ho en compte, l'\u00fanica certesa, de moment, \u00e9s que Europa en conjunt haur\u00e0 de fer un esfor\u00e7 per donar una resposta satisfact\u00f2ria a aquesta situaci\u00f3 sense precedents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una Europa compromesa a ajudar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afortunadament, aquest esfor\u00e7 ja s'est\u00e0 fent. Davant d'aquesta emerg\u00e8ncia, la UE ha pres mesures r\u00e0pides per proporcionar-los formes particulars d'ajuda<\/a>. Qualsevol persona que resideixi permanentment a Ucra\u00efna pot sol\u00b7licitar un perm\u00eds temporal especial d'un any de durada i que els permeti accedir al mercat laboral, a l'habitatge, a l'assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria i a l'educaci\u00f3 infantil. Alternativament, la sol\u00b7licitud de protecci\u00f3 internacional segueix sent possible, amb beneficis semblants a la protecci\u00f3 temporal; no obstant aix\u00f2, \u00e9s probable que aquest procediment requereixi temps m\u00e9s llargs i m\u00e9s incerts en relaci\u00f3 a l'acc\u00e9s al mercat de treball.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les persones que fugen de la crisi ucra\u00efnesa tenen acc\u00e9s a qualsevol pa\u00eds de la UE. De fet, les autoritats afirmen que no \u00e9s necessari romandre al primer pa\u00eds d'entrada a la UE, sin\u00f3 que poden continuar viatjant dins de l'espai Schengen sense restriccions frontereres durant un per\u00edode de 90 dies. Aix\u00f2 inclou tots els pa\u00efsos Schengen, encara que no siguin pa\u00efsos europeus, com Noruega o Su\u00efssa, per\u00f2 \u00e9s cert que la protecci\u00f3 temporal o internacional pot canviar d'un pa\u00eds europeu a un pa\u00eds no europeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Espanya<\/strong>, la web amb la informaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s \u00fatil per a les persones que fugen del conflicte ucra\u00efn\u00e8s \u00e9s la de la Ministeri d'Inclusi\u00f3, Seguretat Social i Migracions<\/a>. Tamb\u00e9 s'ofereixen vols, trens i autobusos gratu\u00efts des de Pol\u00f2nia a Espanya. Els ucra\u00efnesos no necessiten visat per entrar i romandre durant tres mesos com a "turistes". Tanmateix, poden dirigir-se a qualsevol oficina consular dels pa\u00efsos fronterers amb Ucra\u00efna per preguntar sobre la seva situaci\u00f3 concreta. A m\u00e9s, per qualsevol dubte sobre la situaci\u00f3 jur\u00eddica de cada persona, es poden posar en contacte amb el Ambaixada d'Ucra\u00efna a Espanya<\/a>. La sol\u00b7licitud de protecci\u00f3 temporal es presenta a la Policia Nacional. La sol\u00b7licitud d'inscripci\u00f3 censal, a l'Ajuntament de cada localitat. La targeta sanit\u00e0ria, a la Seguretat Social i escolaritzaci\u00f3 a la Delegaci\u00f3 de cada ensenyament provincial. A m\u00e9s, pel que fa a l'habitatge, hi ha diverses ONG que ofereixen allotjament temporal gratu\u00eft, com CEAR, Cruz Roja i ACCEM. Es pot trobar m\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre l'acollida de refugiats ucra\u00efnesos aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El govern grec<\/strong> tamb\u00e9 treballa per acollir els que fugen d'Ucra\u00efna. Els titulars de passaports poden entrar a Gr\u00e8cia per qualsevol punt, terrestre o aeri, i poden romandre fins a 90 dies. Si el passaport no t\u00e9 caracter\u00edstiques biom\u00e8triques, cal un visat de tr\u00e0nsit. Les persones sense documents de viatge nom\u00e9s poden accedir a trav\u00e9s del Departament de Control de Passaports de Promahon, a la frontera amb Bulg\u00e0ria. Aqu\u00ed poden obtenir documents, v\u00e0lids durant 90 dies, directament de l'ambaixada d'Ucra\u00efna a Gr\u00e8cia. Durant els 90 dies d'estada al territori grec, el Servei d'Asil del Ministeri de Migracions i Asil tramitar\u00e0 un perm\u00eds temporal especial, v\u00e0lid per un any, amb les facilitats descrites anteriorment. A m\u00e9s, per a qui ho necessiti, hi ha la possibilitat d'allotjar-se durant un breu per\u00edode a l'estructura oberta de Sintiki, a l'espera de l'elaboraci\u00f3 dels diferents documents. Per obtenir m\u00e9s informaci\u00f3, visiteu el lloc web de migraci\u00f3 del govern grec o poseu-vos en contacte amb el correu electr\u00f2nic: ukraine@migration.gov.gr.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 24 de febrer, la vida de milions de persones a Ucra\u00efna va canviar dr\u00e0sticament. En dos mesos, l'escalada del conflicte ha destru\u00eft infraestructures civils i ha causat v\u00edctimes civils, obligant la gent a abandonar les seves llars a la recerca de seguretat, protecci\u00f3 i assist\u00e8ncia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[163,126,190],"class_list":["post-10895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-conflict","tag-refugees","tag-ukraine","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"\nThe European response to the emergency situation in Ukraine - Open Cultural Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On February 24th, the lives of millions of people in Ukraine drastically changed. 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